India is a big country with big population size. Various disease present in India which affects the people. But some disease are deadliest and present in big ratio in India. These disease affect people mentally and financially. When we think about life threatening disease then incurable disease comes in our mind. but out of that many other disease or life threatening disease present. It is true health services improved but still there is good number of deadly disease present in India. The treatment of these disease are highly costly and even some time everyone is not capable to treat these disease and affect the earning capability.

In this we will learn about symptoms, causes and how we can prevent. This will help us to fight against these disease. In current era our lifestyle is not so satisfactory. So it is necessary to understand about the situation and find out the way against these disease.

These disease are:-

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Stroke
3. Tuberculosis
4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease
5. Respiratory disease
6. Diabetes
7. Malignant and Other Tumors
8. Diarrheal disease
9. Malaria
10. Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
11. HIV / Aids

 

• Cardiovascular disease

 

It affects the heart and in this current era it is leading cause of death. Major reason for this disease like lifestyle changes, sedentary lifestyle, socio economic changes, food habits etc.

Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes, are the leading cause of death in India. Risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and an unhealthy diet contribute to the high prevalence of CVDs.

Symptoms of Cardiovascular disease

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Chest discomfort
• Pain in the upper abdomen, neck, back, throat, jaw
• Pain or numbness in your arms, and legs

Causes of Cardiovascular disease

• Lack of physical activity
• Poor diet
• Hereditary
• High BP or Cholesterol
• Overweight
• Family history of CVD
• Tobacco intake

Preventive measures for Cardiovascular disease

• Physically active
• Exercise on regular basis
• Control blood pressure
• Keep a check of Your Cholesterol
• Check body weight regularly
• Quit smoking

Diets for Cardiovascular disease

Eat healthy food like fish, walnuts, almonds, oats, carrots, sweet potatoes, red peppers, tomatoes, kale, broccoli.  Also increase the intake of fruits like oranges, and papaya, including other fruits that contain beta-carotene, potassium, magnesium and fiber.

 

• STROKE

 

A stroke occurs when the artery in your brain leaks or gets blocked. The symptoms of stroke include sudden numbness and confusion. It also causes vision loss and weakness.

Symptoms of Stroke

• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg 
• Trouble seeing from one or both the eyes
• Severe headache with no known cause
• Trouble walking
• Sudden confusion, difficulty in speaking or understanding

Causes of Stroke

• People with high BP, high cholesterol
• Diabetes are at higher risk
• Smoking
• Hemorrhage in the brain
• Heart disease
• Medications
• Genetic disorder

Preventive measures for Stroke

• Quit smoking
• Control blood pressure
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle
• Exercise regularly
• Limit alcohol

Diets for Stroke

Eat low fat and high fiber food. Add plenty of green leafy vegetables, beans, tomatoes. Eat fruits, nuts and seeds, pomegranate. Also, intake milk, yoghurt, cheese and their alternatives – mostly reduced fat. Drink plenty of water.

 

• Tuberculosis

 

India has one of the highest burdens of tuberculosis in the world. TB is an airborne bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It is an infectious disease that generally affects the lungs but may affect other body parts as well. But the good news is that tuberculosis is curable and preventable. Factors such as overcrowding, poor sanitation, and lack of access to healthcare contribute to the spread and impact of TB in India.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

The most common symptom of Tuberculosis is lasting for more than 3 weeks. Other symptoms include – 

• Fatigue
• Coughing up blood
• Fever
• Chills
• Night sweats
• Loss of appetite
• Unintentional weight loss

Causes of Tuberculosis

• Weakened immune system
• Traveling or living in certain areas 
• Saliva droplets spreading from person to person when the infected person coughs or sneezes 
• Friends and family of the infected person   

Preventive measures for Tuberculosis

• Avoid close contact with people where infected may be seen for instance hospitals
• Screening for those who have a high risk
• Vaccinations if you are infected so that it does not spread

Diets for Tuberculosis

Foods for tuberculosis are banana, peanut, cereal porridge, wheat and ragi, mango, orange, sweet pumpkin carrots, amla, guava, tomato, nuts and seeds, whole grain cereals, seeds, nuts, fish and chicken.

 

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD is a long-term lung disease that causes the patients difficulty in breathing. Not only in India, but COPD is responsible for taking the lives of many across the world.

Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Lack of energy
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Swelled ankles, legs or feet
• Shortness of breath 

Causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Smoking or second-hand smoke
• Chemical fumes and other lung irritants
• Anyone in the family linked to COPD
• History of respiratory infections during childhood

Preventive measures for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

• Do not smoke
• Know your family history
• Protect yourself against dust, fumes, and chemicals at home or at work
• Avoid air pollution

Diets for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

Diets for COPD include peas, bran, potatoes with skin, lentils, beans, oats, barley, beets, tomatoes, potatoes, bananas, oranges. For a higher fat diet, eat avocados,  seeds, nuts, olives and olive oil, coconut and coconut oil, cheese and fatty fish. These foods can help you intake more overall nutrition, especially in the long-term.

 

• Respiratory Disease

 

Respiratory infections including lung abscess, acute bronchitis and pneumonia are another biggest cause of death in India. It is one of the most common infections which affect adults. 

Respiratory diseases are lower respiratory infections, are major causes of mortality in India. Factors like air pollution, smoking, and poor respiratory health contribute to the burden of these diseases.

Symptoms of Respiratory Disease

• Nasal congestion
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Fever
• Cough
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath lasting for more than a week
• Scratchy or sore throat

Causes of Respiratory Disease

• Excessive exposure to smoke or other toxic substances
• Low immune functioning
• Smoking
• Dust
• Air pollution
• Inappropriate growth of lungs before birth or during childhood

Preventive measures for Respiratory Disease

• Quit smoking
• Exercise regularly 
• Stay active
• Wear a surgical mask if required
• Avoid going to polluted areas

Diets for Respiratory Disease

An increase in diet protein, fruits and vegetables (red & yellow bell peppers, tomatoes, beetroot, carrot, papaya, and pomegranates provides multiple vitamins and minerals and increases overall immunity). Also intake food rich in vitamin C, like broccoli, orange, Kiwi, sweet lime, green leafy vegetables, etc. 

 

• Diabetes

 

India has witnessed a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes contribute to the disease burden. Diabetes affects insulin production and use. There are two types of Diabetes-Type 1 where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin and Type 2 where enough insulin is nor produced or it cannot be used effectively. Lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior, unhealthy diets, and obesity are key contributors to the rising diabetes epidemic. Diabetes is a life-threatening disease. Read along to know about its symptoms, causes, and ways to prevent-

Symptoms of Diabetes

• Extreme hunger
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue
• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Irritability

Causes of Diabetes

• Unhealthy diet
• Not exercising regularly
• High BP
• Obesity
• Unhealthy food intake

Preventive measures for Diabetes

• Exercise regularly
• Avoid a sedentary lifestyle
• Maintain good nutrition
• Quit smoking
• Add more fiber to your diet and cut sugar

Diets for Diabetes

The best diet for diabetes, high-fiber, lean protein, less processed carbs, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, and healthy vegetable-based fats like nuts, avocado, canola oil, or olive oil. It is also advisable to manage your carbohydrate intake.

 

• Maligant and Other Tumors

 

Cancer is a major public health concern in India, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Common types of cancer in India include lung, breast, oral, and cervical cancer. Malignant tumors are cancerous and develop when cells grow without any control. It can grow to other parts of the body and spread as well making it life-threatening. The person may feel a tumor while often it is detected via imaging tests like MRI. Factors such as tobacco use, infections (e.g., human papillomavirus for cervical cancer), and lifestyle choices contribute to the cancer burden. Let us read in detail about the symptoms, causes, and ways to prevent it below-

Symptoms of Malignant and Other Tumors

In the early stages, malignant tumors usually don’t show any symptoms. The first symptom is usually a painless lump

Causes of Malignant and Other Tumors

• Ionizing radiation 
• Genetics
• Pathogen
• Exposure to chemical or toxic compounds

Preventive measures for Malignant and Other Tumors

• Quit tobacco
• Eat healthy food
• Get regular immunization 
• Maintain a healthy body weight

Diets for Malignant and Other Tumors

The symptoms and diets may vary from patient to patient. It is advisable to consult a doctor if you are having these symptoms.

 

• Diarrheal Disease

 

Diarrhea is when you pass three or more loose stools in a day. It reduces the water and salt levels from your body making it weak. If it continues for days, then you may face dehydration.

Symptoms of Diarrheal Disease

• Loose stool
• Mucus in the stool
• Bloating 
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain, cramps
• Blood in the stool
• Urgent need to have a bowel movement

Causes of Diarrheal Disease

• No access to clean water
• Living in an area with poor sanitation facilities
• Malnourishment
• Weak immune system 
• Preventive Measures and Diets for Diarrheal Diseases

Preventive measures for Diarrheal Disease

• Quit alcohol
• Wash hands regularly
• Follow good hygiene
• Avoid the use of Aspirin, and steroids

Diets for Diarrheal Disease

Foods include hot cereals, like oatmeal, cream of wheat, or rice porridge. Also eat bananas, plain white rice, toast or bread, boiled potatoes. 

 

• Malaria

 

Malaria is a fatal disease which is caused by Plasmodium parasite transmission by mosquitoes. It usually affects people in tropical and subtropical climates where parasites live. a mosquito-borne infectious disease, is endemic in many parts of India. The disease is caused by Plasmodium parasites and can lead to severe illness and death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Factors such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure and lack of access to preventive measures contribute to the malaria burden. We mentioned below symptoms, causes and ways to treat the disease. 

Symptoms of Malaria

• Fever
• Muscle pain 
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Diarrhea, which can be seen within 7 days after you’ve been bitten by an insect 

Causes of Malaria

Transmission by female Anopheles mosquitoes 

Preventive measures for Malaria

• Stay in well-screened areas in the night
• Use insect repellent
• Wear full-sleeved clothes
• Use bed net while sleeping to get rid of the mosquitoes

Diets for Malaria

Diets for Malaria patients are foods rich in nutrients. Add foods like carrot, papaya, beetroots, fruits especially citrus fruits. Also increase the intake of orange, berries, lemon and other foods that are rich in vitamins B and C to boost immunity. You can also opt for dal and rice combinations, chapattis with sprouts/dals, dairy products, etc.

 

• Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

 

Alzheimer’s disease comes not only loss of memory, but also loss of life in many cases. The progressive disease destroys memory and interrupts in activities like thinking, reasoning, etc.

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

• Difficulty in completing familiar tasks
• Forgetting recently learned information
• Misplacing things 
• Problems with words in writing or speaking
• Poor judgment and decision making
• Inability to manage budget

Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

• Family history
• Old age (more than 65 years)
• Unhealthy lifestyle
• Hereditary
• Previous head trauma
• Having poor communication with people for a long period

Preventive measures for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

• Have a heart-healthy diet (include fruits and veggies in your diet)
• Avoid fatty food (Meat, dairy products, olive oil, lean fish, etc.)
• Avoid smoking
• Control of cardiovascular risk factors

Diets for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Healthy foods for Alzheimer’s disease include beans, berries, nuts, green and leafy vegetables, whole grains, fish, poultry, olive oil, red meat, butter, cheese.

• HIV / AIDS

It is a viral infection that can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if left untreated. The symptoms of HIV can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms initially. Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in India has declined over the years, it remains a significant health concern. High-risk groups, including sex workers, men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users, are particularly vulnerable to HIV transmission.

However, here are some common symptoms that can occur at different stages of HIV infection:

1. Acute HIV Infection (Primary Infection):
   • Fever
   • Fatigue
   • Headache
   • Muscle and joint pain
   • Sore throat
   • Swollen lymph nodes
   • Skin rash
   • Night sweats
2. Symptomatic HIV Infection: As the infection progresses, symptoms may start to appear, indicating a weakened immune system. These symptoms may include:
   • Persistent fever
   • Fatigue and weakness
   • Rapid weight loss
   • Recurrent or chronic diarrhea
   • Persistent or frequent yeast infections (oral or genital)
   • Swollen lymph nodes
   • Night sweats
   • Skin rashes or sores
   • Short-term memory loss or confusion
   • Recurrent respiratory infections
   • Persistent coughing or shortness of breath
3. Asymptomatic Stage: After the acute infection, the virus may enter a clinically latent period, where a person may not experience any noticeable symptoms for an extended period, which can last for years.

It’s important to note that the presence or absence of symptoms is not a reliable method to determine HIV infection. The only way to confirm HIV infection is through specific diagnostic tests, such as blood tests that detect antibodies or the virus itself.

If you suspect you may have been exposed to HIV or are experiencing any concerning symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical advice and get tested for HIV as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.

Cause of HIV/ AIDS

The primary cause of HIV/AIDS is infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is primarily transmitted through certain body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of HIV transmission include:

1. Sexual Transmission: The majority of HIV infections occur through sexual contact, particularly unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person.
2. Sharing Needles and Syringes
3. Mother-to-Child Transmission: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
4. Blood Transfusion and Organ Transplantation: Prior to the implementation of strict screening measures, HIV could be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors.
5. Occupational Exposure: Healthcare workers and others who may come into contact with HIV-contaminated blood or body fluids are at a small risk of HIV transmission if proper infection control measures are not followed.

It is important to note that HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils. The virus does not spread through air, water, insects, or saliva.

Preventive measures of HIV/AIDS:

such as practicing safe sex, using condoms, avoiding sharing needles or other drug equipment, accessing HIV testing and counseling, and using appropriate medical precautions can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

Diets for HIV/AIDS

A well-balanced and nutritious diet is crucial for individuals living with HIV/AIDS to maintain their overall health, support their immune system, manage symptoms, and enhance their quality of life. Maintaining a healthy diet is just one aspect of managing HIV/AIDS. It’s important to work closely with healthcare professionals and follow their guidance to manage the disease effectively. Here are some dietary recommendations for HIV/AIDS patients:

1. Eat a Balanced Diet: Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins (such as poultry, fish, beans, and tofu), and healthy fats (such as avocados, nuts, and olive oil).
2. Adequate Protein Intake
3. Include Healthy Fats: Healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive oil, provide essential fatty acids and help with nutrient absorption.
4. Hydration: Drink an adequate amount of fluids, preferably water.
5. Increase Fiber Intake
6. Nutritional Supplements: Consult with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to determine if you need any supplements.
7. Safe Food Handling
8. Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meats, eggs, or unpasteurized dairy products.
9. Individualized Approach

It is important to note that the impact and prevalence of these diseases can vary across different regions of India. Additionally, efforts are being made by the government, healthcare professionals, and organizations to prevent and control these diseases through various interventions, including awareness campaigns, vaccination programs, and improved healthcare infrastructure.

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